Recent publications

• Forbes, B.C., F. Stammler, T. Kumpula, N. Meschtyb, A. Pajunen, and E. Kaarlejärvi (2009) High resilience in the Yamal-Nenets social-ecological system, West Siberian Arctic, Russia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 22041-22048. Download full text [2 Mb pdf].
• Pajunen, A, E. Kaarlejärvi, B.C. Forbes and R. Virtanen (2009) Classification, compositional differentiation and vegetation-environment relationships of willow-characterised vegetation in the western Eurasian Arctic. Journal of Vegetation Science doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01123.x
• Forbes, B.C., Macias Fauria, M. & Zetterberg, P. (2009) Russian Arctic warming and ’greening’ are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Global Change Biology doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02047.x. 
• Forbes, B.C. &  Kumpula, T. (2009) The ecological role and geography of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Eurasia. Geography Compass 3/4: 1356–1380. See abstract here, contact Bruce Forbes for a full  PDF
• Walker D.A., M.O. Leibman, H.E. Epstein, B.C. Forbes et al. (2009) Tundra greening on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia: Spatial and temporal patterns of NDVI and the roles of rapid permafrost degradation and landslides. Environmental Research Letters doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045004.
• Forbes, B.C. &  Stammler, F. (2009): Arctic climate change discourse: the contrasting politics of research agendas in the West and Russia. Polar Research 28: 28-42. 
• Kitti, H., Forbes, B.C., Oksanen, J. (2009): Long- and short-term effects of reindeer grazing on tundra wetland vegetation. Polar Biology 32: 253-261. [full text]
• Forbes, B.C. (2008): Equity, Vulnerability and Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems: a Contemporary Example from the Russian Arctic. Research in Social Problems and Public Policy 15:203–236 
• Willard, B.E., D.J. Cooper and B.C. Forbes (2007) Natural regeneration of alpine tundra vegetation after human trampling: a 42-year data set from Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 39: 177-183.
• Forbes, B.C., M. Bölter, L. Müller-Wille, J. Hukkinen, F. Müller, N. Gunslay, and Y. Konstantinov (eds.) (2006) Reindeer management in northernmost Europe: linking practical and scientific knowledge in social-ecological systems. Ecological Studies 184. Springer, Berlin.
• Forbes, B.C. (2006) The challenges of modernity for reindeer management in northernmost Europe . In: Forbes, B.C. et al. (eds.) Reindeer management in northernmost Europe: linking practical and scientific knowledge in social-ecological systems. Ecological Studies 184. Springer, Berlin, pp. 11-25.
• Kitti, H., N. Gunslay and B.C. Forbes (2006) Defining the quality of reindeer pastures: the perspectives of Sámi reindeer herders. In: Forbes, B.C. et al. (eds.) Reindeer management in northernmost Europe: linking practical and scientific knowledge in social-ecological systems. Ecological Studies 184. Springer, Berlin, pp. 141-165.
• Kitti, H. and B.C. Forbes (2006) Vegetation structure, cover and biomass of subarctic tundra wetlands used as summer pastures. In: Forbes, B.C. et al. (eds.) Reindeer management in northernmost Europe: linking practical and scientific knowledge in social-ecological systems. Ecological Studies 184. Springer, Berlin, pp. 187-198.
• Soppela, S., M. Turunen, B.C. Forbes et al. (2006) The quality of summer pasture plants of reindeer and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In: Forbes, B.C. et al. (eds.) Reindeer management in northernmost Europe: linking practical and scientific knowledge in social-ecological systems. Ecological Studies 184. Springer, Berlin, pp. 199-216.
• Chapin, F.S., III, M. Berman, T.V. Callaghan, A.-S. Crepin, K. Danell, B.C. Forbes, G. Kofinas, D. McGuire, M. Nuttall, C. Pungowiyi, O. Young, and S. Zimov (2006) Polar Systems . In: R. Scholes (ed.) Millennium Assessment. Island Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 717-743.
• Müller-Wille, L., J. Hukkinen, F. Müller, M. Bölter and B.C. Forbes (2006) Synthesis: environmental and socio-political conditions for modern reindeer management in Europe’s North. In: Forbes, B.C. et al. (eds.) Reindeer management in northernmost Europe: linking practical and scientific knowledge in social-ecological systems. Ecological Studies 184. Springer, Berlin, pp. 365-379.
• Kofinas, G., B.C. Forbes and 10 others (2005) A research plan for the study of rapid change, resilience and vulnerability in social-ecological systems of the Arctic. Common Property Resource Digest 73:1-10.
• Nuttall, M., F. Berkes, B.C. Forbes, G. Kofinas, T. Vlassova and G. Wenzel (2005) Hunting, Herding, Fishing and Gathering. In: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,pp.649-690.
• Meschtyb, N.A., B.C. Forbes and P. Kankaanpää (2005) Social Impact Assessment along Russia’s Northern Sea Route: petroleum transport and the Arctic Operational Platform (ARCOP). Arctic InfoNorth 58:322-327.
• Forbes, B.C. (2005) Conservation; Environmental problems; Habitat loss; Polar steppe; Reindeer; Sedge meadows; Tundra; Vegetation distribution; Wet tundra, Wilderness. Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. In: M. Nuttall (ed.) Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, New York.
• Forbes, B.C., A. Tolvanen, K. Laine and F.-E. Wielgolaski (2005) Rates and processes of natural regeneration in disturbed habitats. In: F.-E. Wielgolaski (ed.) Plant ecology, herbivory and human impact in northern mountain birch forests. Ecological Studies 180, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 193-202.
• Tolvanen, A., B.C. Forbes, S. Wall and Y. Norokorpi and (2005) Recreation activities at treeline and interactions with other land use. In: F.-E. Wielgolaski (ed.) Plant ecology, herbivory and human impact in northern mountain birch forests. Ecological Studies 180, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,pp.
  203-217.
• Forbes, B.C., N. Fresco, A. Shvidenko, K. Danell and F.S. Chapin III (2004) Geographic variations in anthropogenic drivers that influence the vulnerability and resilience of high latitude social-ecological systems . Ambio 33:377-382.
• Whiteman, G., B.C. Forbes, J. Niemelä and F.S. Chapin III (2004) Bringing high-latitude feedback and resilience into the corporate boardroom. Ambio 33:371-376.
• Chapin, F.S. III, P. Angelstam, M. Apps, F. Berkes, C. Folke, B.C. Forbes, G. Juday and O. Peterson (2004). Vulnerability and resilience of high-latitude ecosystems to environmental and social change. Ambio 33:344-349.
• Forbes, B.C., C. Monz and A. Tolvanen (2004) Tourism ecological impacts in terrestrial polar ecosystems. In: R. Buckley (ed.) Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism. CAB International. pp. 155-170.
• Forbes, B.C. (2004) Impacts of energy development in polar regions. In: C.J. Cleveland (ed.) Encyclopedia of Energy. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 93-105.
• Forbes, B.C. (2004) Flax in flux: the waxing and waning of ‘people plants’ in Finland and beyond. In: G. Kearsley and B. Fitzharris (eds.) Glimpses of a Gaian world. School of Social Science, University of Otago, pp. 17-38.
• Sumina, O.I. and B.C. Forbes (2003) Vegetation responses to anthropogenic disturbance: a useful indicator for global change assessment? In: R.O. Rasmussen and N. Koroleva (eds.) Social and Environmental Impacts in the North. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 207-223.
• Mascia, M., J.P. Brosius, T. Dobson, B.C. Forbes, G. Nabhan and M. Tomforde (2003) Conservation and the social sciences. Conservation Biology 17:649-650.
• Forbes, B.C. and J.D. McKendrick (2002) Polar tundra. In: M. Perrow and A.J. Davy (eds.) Handbook of Ecological Restoration. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 355-375.
• Weladji, R. and B.C. Forbes (2002) Disturbance effects of human activities on Rangifer tarandus habitat: implications for life history and population dynamics. Polar Geography 26: 171-186.

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